Culture and etiquette in Sri Lanka is a unique blend of various influences, including Sinhalese, Tamil, Muslim, and colonial heritage. This diversity is reflected in the country’s customs, religions, arts, and daily life. Respecting and appreciating this cultural tapestry will not only enhance your travel experience but also foster meaningful connections with locals.
Table of Contents
- The customs and manners of Sri Lanka
- The Importance of Sri Lankan Culture
- Being authentic
- Temple etiquette
- Candy, begging, and pennying
- “What’s your destination?”
- Religious Etiquette in Sri Lanka
- Social Customs and Etiquette
- Communication and Language
- Respecting Local Customs
- Cultural Festivals and Celebrations
- Environmental and Wildlife Etiquette
- Cultural Sensitivity in Different Regions
- Tipping Culture in Sri Lanka
- Conclusion: Embracing Sri Lankan Culture
The customs and manners of Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka seems to be the most Westernised country in South Asia from the outside. Due to this flourishing tourism industry and the widespread usage of English, visitors may often mistake the island for something more familiar than it truly is. However, if you examine more closely, you might notice examples of cultural diversity everywhere.
The Importance of Sri Lankan Culture
Sri Lankan culture is a unique blend of various influences, including Sinhalese, Tamil, Muslim, and colonial heritage. This diversity is reflected in the country’s customs, religions, arts, and daily life. Respecting and appreciating this cultural tapestry will not only enhance your travel experience but also foster meaningful connections with locals.
Being authentic
Speaking up during a debate usually backfires and makes you sound naïve and disrespectful. Upmarket hotel staff members are a perfect example of how highly Sri Lankans appreciate politeness and civility.
Sri Lankans are generally content with their island, their country’s accomplishments, and (especially) their cricket team. One of the most popular queries from tourists is “Is Sri Lanka good?”
Certain Western concepts have not yet made their way to the island. In Sri Lanka, it is not permitted to be topless or naked on any beach. Additionally, it is customary for Sri Lankan couples to conceal themselves behind enormous umbrellas in the more sedate sections of parks and botanical gardens rather than making overt physical displays of devotion in public. It is customary to eat and shake hands with people with your right hand.
Temple etiquette
Visitng temple is in the bucket list of most travellers in Sri Lanka, therefore, you may not be able to find a Sri Lanka tour packages without a temple. All visitors to Buddhist and Hindu temples should dress appropriately. This means that you have to cover your shoulders and legs, take off your shoes and headgear, and enter Buddhist temples. Beachwear is improper and offensive. Sometimes it’s not clear when to take off your shoes and hats at large temples, so if in doubt, follow the locals. Finally, bear in mind that exploring temples barefoot can sometimes be trickier than you might imagine, especially when the tropical sun raises the stone beneath your feet to oven-like temperatures. However, wearing socks is very acceptable.
While it is not advisable to have your picture taken facing a Buddha image, there are two other traditional Buddhist observances that are only partially observed in Sri Lanka. First, you’ll find that it’s not as stringent as, say, Thailand when it comes to the ban on pointing your feet at Buddha images, though you will sometimes see individuals sitting in front of them with their legs neatly tucked under them. However, not many people adhere to the antiquated Buddhist precept that dagobas should only be explored in a clockwise direction.
There are a few variations to the shoe and clothing codes that apply to Hindu temples. In certain cases, men must take off their shirts before entering the inner shrine; in others, ladies are often barred entirely. Non-Hindus are not permitted to access the inner shrine.
You will be given a tour of a few Buddhist and Hindu temples by a resident monk or priest, and you will be requested to donate afterward. Occasionally, unofficial “guides” will show up in other places and insist on charging you to show you around. Try not to feel pressured to accept unauthorised guides if it is not your preference.
Candy, begging, and pennying
Giving to beggars is a personal decision, of course, but there’s nothing wrong with lending a few pennies to the obvious sick and old, who often congregate outside mosques, churches, and temples. However, you must be careful not to set off a domino effect of over-reliance or to exaggerate your expectations of generosity from outside. For this reason, you should never give freebies to children and should be sparing with the amount you give out (it’s always better to give small amounts to many people than a large sum to one unfortunate person who catches your eye). Moreover, avoid giving to beggars who deliberately target tourists.
Regretfully, it is not uncommon for exceptionally wealthy schoolchildren—and sometimes even teens and adults—to engage in a form of pseudo-begging. This usually manifests as requests for money (usually phrased as “one foreign coin?”), school supplies, or candies (bonbons). Sadly, previous travellers’ misguided benevolence is what led to this practise. With the false belief that they were assisting the locals, these tourists distributed all of the aforementioned goods. Rather, they promoted a beggarly culture that denigrates Sri Lankans and creates issues for all future visitors. Give to a respected charitable organisation or a local school if you truly want to help your town.
“What’s your destination?”
Western concepts of privacy and isolation are not widely understood or respected in Sri Lanka since the country’s culture is centred on close-knit village communities where people know one another’s business and extended family groups. Naturally curious people frequently ask the same questions over and over again, such as “Where are you going?” “What is your name?” and “What is your country?” They may make you a little crazy if you’re travelling in Sri Lanka for a long time, but it’s important to remember to be polite and to think about the potential harm that your rudeness or impatience could cause to the perceptions of foreigners and the treatment of others who follow you. Even with clenched jaws, a straightforward “Just walking. England. John.” and a smile should suffice. When all else fails, a dash of surreal humour usually does the trick (“To Australia. Mars. Lord Mountbatten.”) without causing offence; after all, Sri Lankans generally relish being shown direct proof of the popular belief that all foreigners are completely deranged.
Religious Etiquette in Sri Lanka
Buddhism: The Predominant Faith
Buddhism plays a central role in Sri Lankan society, with about 70% of the population identifying as Buddhist.
Key Points:
- Remove shoes and hats when entering temples
- Dress modestly, covering shoulders and knees
- Avoid turning your back to Buddha statues when taking photos
- Never touch or climb on Buddha statues
Hinduism, Islam, and Christianity
Sri Lanka is home to significant Hindu, Muslim, and Christian communities, each with its own customs.
General Guidelines:
- Respect dress codes when visiting places of worship
- Ask permission before entering non-Buddhist religious sites
- Observe silence and appropriate behavior in sacred spaces
Social Customs and Etiquette
Greetings in Sri Lanka
The traditional Sri Lankan greeting is “Ayubowan,” meaning “May you live long.”
- Join your palms together in front of your chest and slightly bow your head
- Handshakes are common in business settings
- Avoid public displays of affection
Dining Etiquette
Sri Lankan cuisine is a highlight for many visitors, but there are some etiquette rules to keep in mind:
- Wash your hands before and after meals
- In traditional settings, eat with your right hand
- Try not to waste food, as it’s considered disrespectful
- When invited to a home, bring a small gift for the host
Dress Code in Sri Lanka
While beach areas may be more relaxed, it’s generally best to dress modestly, especially in rural areas and religious sites.
- Cover shoulders and knees
- Remove shoes when entering homes and religious places
- Avoid wearing revealing clothing in public spaces
Communication and Language
Verbal and Non-Verbal Communication
- Speak softly and avoid raising your voice in public
- Nodding or tilting your head sideways means “yes”
- Avoid pointing with your finger; use your whole hand instead
Learning Basic Phrases
While English is widely spoken in tourist areas, learning a few local phrases can go a long way:
- “Istuti” (Sinhala) or “Nandri” (Tamil) for “Thank you”
- “Kohomada” (Sinhala) for “How are you?”
- “Karunakara” (Sinhala) for “Please”
Respecting Local Customs
Photography Etiquette
- Always ask permission before photographing people, especially in rural areas
- Be mindful of restrictions in certain religious and government buildings
Temple and Sacred Site Etiquette
- Follow dress codes (covered shoulders and knees)
- Remove shoes and hats
- Avoid loud conversations
- Don’t touch religious artifacts or decorations
Business Etiquette in Sri Lanka
If you’re visiting for business:
- Be punctual, but understand that locals may have a more relaxed attitude to time
- Exchange business cards with both hands
- Respect hierarchy and address people by their titles
Cultural Festivals and Celebrations
Sri Lanka hosts numerous festivals throughout the year, offering unique cultural experiences:
- Vesak: Celebrates Buddha’s birth, enlightenment, and passing
- Sinhala and Tamil New Year: A time of renewal and family gatherings
- Kandy Esala Perahera: A grand procession featuring dancers and decorated elephants
Participating in these events can provide deep insights into Sri Lankan culture, but always be respectful and follow local customs.
Environmental and Wildlife Etiquette
Sri Lanka’s natural beauty is a major draw for tourists. To help preserve it:
- Don’t litter and participate in beach clean-ups if possible
- Respect wildlife and maintain a safe distance from animals
- Support eco-friendly and sustainable tourism initiatives
Cultural Sensitivity in Different Regions
Sri Lanka’s cultural landscape varies by region:
- Northern and Eastern provinces have a strong Tamil influence
- Central highlands showcase colonial heritage
- Coastal areas may be more accustomed to tourists
Always be aware of local sensitivities, especially in areas recovering from past conflicts.
Tipping Culture in Sri Lanka
Tipping isn’t mandatory but is appreciated:
- Restaurants: 10% if service charge isn’t included
- Hotels: 50-100 rupees for porters
- Tuk-tuk drivers: Round up the fare
- Tour guides: 500-1000 rupees per day
Conclusion: Embracing Sri Lankan Culture
Understanding and respecting Sri Lankan culture and etiquette will greatly enrich your travel experience. By showing genuine interest and adapting to local customs, you’ll not only avoid unintentional offense but also open doors to authentic interactions and unforgettable memories.
Remember, Sri Lankans are generally very forgiving of minor cultural faux pas by tourists. A smile, a respectful attitude, and a willingness to learn will go a long way in this beautiful island nation. Embrace the local culture, savor the experiences, and let the warmth of Sri Lankan hospitality leave a lasting impression on your journey.
By following these guidelines, you’ll be well-prepared to navigate the cultural landscape of Sri Lanka, ensuring a respectful, enriching, and truly memorable visit to this tropical paradise.